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Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. Specifically, the study addresses coping strategies and psychological capital (PsyCap; F. Luthans et al., 2007) and how they relate to levels of well-being. Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. WebDr. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. 2015;173: 9096. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). Distanced learning. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. Would you like email updates of new search results? Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. Are you able to do these activities? For example, students had to stay home, adapt to online learning, modify internship placements, and/or reconsider graduation plans and jobs. All rights reserved. Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. The survey link was also distributed via a national counselor education listserv, and it was shared on the authors social media platforms. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. (2017). iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. For university students, the pandemic brought about disruptions to life as they knew it. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles With schools around the country closed, students are facing unprecedented change. (Eds.). Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Exercise regularly. The coping strategy of positive reframing (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 6. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. Specifically, adaptive coping strategies played a significant role in enhancing the positive effects of PsyCap on well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). Following the biopsychosocial model of health, the goal of the current study was to predict peoples psychological well-being (PWB) during the initial lockdown phase of the pandemic and to investigate which coping strategies were most common among people with low and high https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). Find new ways to celebrate. Psychol. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Gilbert, D. (2007). Current Psychology, 36(4), 875887. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. The following research questions guided our work: Participants https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). It is very good for your Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. Factorial structure of Brief COPE for international students attending U.S. colleges. For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). Assessing college life adjustment of students with disabilities: Application of the PERMA framework. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0088. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures (2015). Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. Establish a routine. Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Researchers have also examined the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between positive emotion and academic performance (Carmona-Halty et al., 2019; Hazan Liran & Miller, 2019; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012; K. W. Luthans et al., 2016); relationships and predictions between PsyCap and mental health in university students (Selvaraj & Bhat, 2018); and relationships between PsyCap, well-being, and coping (Rabenu et al., 2017). The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. While modeling good behavior and staying safe yourself, recognize that you cant control what other people do. WebCoping with the Crisis As with any difficult situation, each person relies on different coping mechanisms. Sci Prog. And there are ways to lessen your stress. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings 19 November 2020 Abstract A holistic approach to education that addresses students learning, social and emotional needs is crucial, especially in times of crisis. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. Occupy your mind with puzzles. Careers. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352, Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Coping with this stress may help you. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). Flatt, A. K. (2013). Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 820Alexandria, VA. 22314Phone (703) 684.7722Toll Free (800) 969.6642Fax (703) 684.5968. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, That is, what coping If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. WebWe study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. And having to stay home can be lonely. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. to the adversity. Predicting the mental health of college students with psychological capital. The experience of emotional wellbeing. (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Coping Strategies as a Mediator Washington Post. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Psychological capital and well-being. Foremost among these is that data were collected using self-report measures, and in the case of the PERMA-Profiler, data were collected using the retrospective recall of participants as they considered their well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19. A further consideration is that the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) may not be associated with similar outcomes for people of other cultures and backgrounds during COVID-19. (1993). Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997) were found to be the dominant avoidant coping strategies that were adopted by students, which led to a significant decrease in well-being during the pandemic. Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Coping Through the Coronavirus. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. (1988). The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. American Psychological Association. To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. responded. WebAlly parents are parents of trans* and nonbinary youth across the country who volunteer their time to support young people who may lack or not yet have parental support. PERMA-Profiler As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los B. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak, College During COVID: Balancing Academics & Fun, One Love Foundation x Mental Health America, How The Human-Animal Bond Increases Resilience And Empowers Us To Thrive, Managing Video Anxiety During Teletherapy, COVID-19 And Loneliness: When It Seems Like No One Cares, Maintaining Hope In The Face Of Uncertainty, Preparing For The Holidays During COVID-19, Be Kind to Your Mind: Stress Coping Strategies During COVID-19 (Webinar Recording), Facebook Live: Support Animals and COVID-19 Anxiety, Processing Big Changes: Grief And Loss During COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. 44106, 10900 Euclid Ave. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. Book ReviewCollege Counseling and Student Development: Theory, Practice, and Campus Collaboration, Reflections on Power From Feminist Women Counselor Educators, Evaluating the Impact of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Hope and Clinical Symptoms With Latine Clients, Guidelines and Recommendations for Writing a Rigorous Quantitative Methods Section in Counseling and Related Fields. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. Cleveland, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 548556. Students substance use (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fig 9. Now is my chance to help others. Indeed, optimism and hope each uniquely predict a major proportion of variance of the change in well-being and may together help students to face an uncertain future (M. W. Gallagher & Lopez, 2009). Personality and coping. 10.1007/s12144-020-01304-z Research Question 1 The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. To combat isolation, come together with your dorm-mates or graduate school cohort via technology. Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). Front. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. Although the reason for this result is uncertain, it is conceivable that attending to an uncertain future (i.e., hope) and recovering from immediate losses (i.e., resilience) became more salient, and ones self-efficacy in managing normal, everyday challenges receded in importance. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose Twenge, J. M. (2017). However, there is a paucity of research to address the possible impacts of the pedagogical shift integrated into new online platforms on learning, interaction, and assessment, especially in higher education settings from the vantage point of EFL Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. Random House. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. A total of 806 university students from the United States participated in the study. Research Question 3 The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. The average scores of negative emotion and loneliness increased from 4.46 and 3.86 to 5.85 and 5.94, respectively. Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance. of this manuscript. 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. Top Tips To Decrease Coronavirus Anxiety & Improve Emotional Well Being, Strategies for Healthy Emotion Regulation During Uncertain Times, Owning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort, Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing, Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Another, Gaming For Mental Health: Using Video And Board Games To Support Wellbeing, Building Resiliency To Isolation & Loneliness: How To Increase Our Resiliency During The COVID-19 Crisis, Peer, Friend And Self Support In The COVID-19 Crisis: How To Provide Support For Ourselves And Others Through Times Of Fear And Isolation, Navigating Relationships During The COVID-19 Pandemic, Back to Normal or Not: How to Help Your Family Through COVID-19 Transitions, Herramientas Para La Mejorar La Resiliencia Y Apoyar A La Comunidad Latinx: Seminario Virtual En Espaol Dirigido Por La Iniciativa Que Hacer Ahora. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Get enough sleep. Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. While PsyCap directly relates to well-being and coping strategies relate to well-being, our findings indicated that coping strategies also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92100. Michaels, P. J., Corrigan, P. W., Kanodia, N., Buchholz, B., & Abelson, S. (2015). doi: 10.2196/22817. You might feel unmotivated now. 405415). A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. Accessibility Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). University Students and Mental Health The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). Before This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. They could also be adapted to provide services online. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, The ongoing stress and trauma of the COVID-19 crisis can take a serious toll on our bodies: creating tense muscles, headaches, digestive issues, difficulty sleeping, and even immunity problems. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. Note. Universities across The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). Cluster analysis for strategies of. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Karen. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Psychol. Cohen, J. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. Partial eta squared was reported as the measure of effect size. Ask your supervisor for help. The potentialities of online teaching allowed a didactic continuity that would have been impossible otherwise, and this approach is likely to be The authors reported no conflict of interest HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. Simon & Schuster. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Instruments Below are some resources that allow for physically distant connecting. Students use of religious coping, Fig 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x. Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011).